Sexual
Assault Statistics
Campus
Sexual Assault Statistics | Male Sexual Assault
Statistics | Women Sexual Assault Statistics
| Substance Abuse and Sexual Assault Statistics
| Statistics on the Possible Effects of Rape
| Sexual Assault Prevalence Statistics
| Law Enforcement Involvement Statistics | Child
Sexual Assault Statistics | Domestic Violence
and Sexual Assault Statistics | Disabilities
| General | LGBT Sexual Assault
Campus
Sexual Assault Statistics
- Of
surveyed college women, about 90% of rape and sexual assault victims
knew their attack prior to the assault. Rennison, Callie
M. Criminal Victimization 1999: Changes 1998-00 with Trends 1993-99.
Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, August
2000.
- In
another survey of college women, 13.3% indicated that they have
been forced to have sex in a dating situation (Johnson,
I and R. Sigler. Forced Sexual Intercourse Among Intimates, 2000.)
- In
one year over 4,000 incidents of rape or other types of sexual
assault occurred in public schools across the country
(Violence and Discipline Problems in U.S. Public School: 1996-97.
U.S. Department of Education, 1997.)
- One
in Four college women report surviving rape (15%) or attempted
rape (12%) since their fourteenth birthday. Warshaw,
R. (1994). I never called it rape. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
-
In a study by the U.S. Centers for Disease control of 5,000 college
students at over 100 colleges, 20% of women answered “yes”
to the question “In your lifetime have you been forced to
submit to sexual intercourse against your will?” Thus, one
in five college women has been raped at some point in her lifetime.
Douglas, K. A. et al. (1997). Results from the 1995 national college
health risk behavior survey. Journal of American College Health,
46, 55-66.
-
In a typical academic year, 3% of college women report surviving
rape or attempted rape. This does not include the summer, when
many more rapes occur.
Tjaden, P. & Thoennes, N. (1998). Prevalence, incidence, and
consequences of violence against women: Findings from the national
violence against women survey, 2-5, Research in Brief, Washington,
DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department of Justice.
- Rape
is common worldwide, with relatively similar rates of incidence
across countries, with 19%-28% of college women reporting rape
or attempted rape in several countries. In many countries, survivors
are treated far worse than in the U.S. Koss, M.P., Hiese,
L. and Russo, N.F. (1994). The global health burden of rape. Psychology
of Women Quarterly, 18, 509-537.
Male
Sexual Assault Statistics
-
3%
of college men report surviving rape or attempted rape as a child
or adult. Tjaden, P. & Thoennes, N. (1998). Prevalence,
incidence, and consequences of violence against women: Findings
from the national violence against women survey, 2-5, Research
in Brief, Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, US Department
of Justice.
- In
a study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control of 5,000 college
students at over 100 colleges, 4% of men answered “yes”
to the question “In your lifetime have you been forced to
submit to sexual intercourse against your will?” Douglas,
K. A. et al. (1997). Results from the 1995 national college health
risk behavior survey. Journal of American College Health, 46,
55-66.
TOP
Women
Sexual Assault Statistics
 |
- According
to a study conducted by the National Victim Center, 1.3 women
( age 18 and
over) in the United States are forcibly raped each minute. That
translates to 78 per hour, 1,871 per day, or 683,000 per year.
Source: D.G. Kilpatrick, C.N. Edmunds, & A. Seymour. 1992.
Rape in America: A Report to the Nation. Arlington VA: National
Victim Center
- Seventy-five
percent of women raped are between the ages of 15 and 21. The
average age is 18.
Source: National Victim Center and Crime Victims Research and
Treatment Center, Rape in America: A Report to the Nation, 1992.
- Of
female Americans who are raped, 54% experience their first rape
before age 18. (Tjaden, Patricia and Nancy Thoennes.
Prevalence, Incidence and Consequences of Violence Against Women:Findings
From the National Violence Against Women Survey. National Institute
of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, November 1998.)
- Women
with a childhood history of sexual abuse are 4.7 times more likely
to be subsequently raped. Merrill, L.L., et al. Childhood
Abuse and Sexual Revictimization in a Female Navy Recruit Sample.
Naval Health Research Center, 1997.
Sex
Offender Statistics
- There
is a 70% chance that a white rapist will rape a white victim,
and that a black rapist will rape a black victim.
Source: "The Mind of a Rapist," Newsweek, July 23, 1990.
- 86%
of all rape is perpetrated by someone who is known to the victim
Source: D.G. Kilpatrick, C.N. Edmunds, & A. Seymour. 1992.
Rape in America: A Report to the Nation. Arlington VA: National
Victim Center
- 98%
of perpetrators are male.
Source: Lawrence A. Greenfield. 1997. Sex Offenses and Offenders:
An Analysis of Data on Rape and Sexual Assault. Washington, DC:
Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, US Department
of Justice.
- Most
child sexual assault is perpetrated by men who are heterosexual
and do not find sex with other men at all attractive. Many child
molesters abuse both boys and girls.
Source: Hunter, "Abused Boys: The Neglected Victims of Sexual
Abuse," 1990.
- 16.3%
of those arrested on Sexual Assault charges are sentenced to prison
with an average sentence of 128 days. National Center
for Policy Analysis. Crime and Punishment in America: 1999. NCPA
Report 229, October 1999.
- Of
surveyed men who were incarcerated for rape, 40% reported their
victims were children, and 80% reported their victims were under
18 years old. Greenfeld, Lawrence A. Sex Offenses and
Offenders. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice,
1997.
- Seven
out of 10 offenders with child victims reported that were imprisoned
for a rape or sexual assault
Greenfeld, Lawrence A. Child Victimizers: Violent Offenders and
Their Victims. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of
Justice, 1996.
- Child-victims
of rape know their offended prior to the incident 90% of the time.
Greenfeld, Lawrence A. Child Victimizers: Violent Offenders and
Their Victims. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of
Justice, 1996.
- Juveniles
are responsible for victimizing 40% of the child sexual assault
victims under six years of age
Snyder, Howard. Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to
Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics.
Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, 2000.
- 23%
of all sexual offenders are under the age of 18
Snyder, Howard. Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to
Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics.
Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, 2000.
- 99%
of people who rape are men, 60% are Caucasian.
Greenfeld, L.A. (1997). Sex offenses and offenders: An analysis
of data on rape and sexual assault, Washington DC: U.S. Department
of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
- Sexual
assault offenders were substantially more likely than any other
category of violent criminal to report experiencing physical or
sexual abuse as children. Greenfeld, L.A. (1997). Sex
offenses and offenders: An analysis of data on rape and sexual
assault, Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of
Justice Statistics.)
- In
one study, 98% of men who raped boys reported that they were heterosexual.
Sexual Abuse of Boys, Journal of the American Medical Association,
December 2, 1998
- 55%
of gang rapes on college campuses are committed by fraternities,
40% by sports teams, and 5% by others.
O’Sullivan, C. (1991). Acquaintance gang rape on campus.
In A. Parrot and L. Bechhofer (Eds.) Acquaintance rape: The hidden
crime. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 140-156
- Of
those rapes reported to the police (which is 1/3 or less to begin
with), only 16% result in prison sentences. Therefore, approximately
5% of the time, a man who rapes ends up in prison, 95% of the
time he does not.
Rennison, C. M. (2001). National crime victimization survey, criminal
victimization 2000: Changes 1999-2000 with trends 1993-2000, Washington,
DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,
NCJ 187007
- A
large and increasing number of prison inmates are sexual offenders.
In 1980, state prisons held 20,500 sex offenders. By 1994 over
88,000 sex offenders were held in state prisons -- comprising
nearly 10 percent of all state prison populations.
Finn, Peter, "Sexual Offender Community Notification, Research
in Action," November 1996. U.S. Department of Justice, National
Institute of Justice, Washington, D.C.
Substance
Abuse and Sexual Assault Statistics
- About
75% of the men and at least 55% of the women involved in acquaintance
rapes had been drinking or taking drugs just before the attack.
Source: Robin Warshaw. 1994. I Never Called It Rape: The Ms. Report
on Recognizing, Fighting and Surviving Date and Acquaintance Rape.
New York: HarperPerennial.
TOP
Statistics on the Possible Effects
of Rape
- Chances
that a woman will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
after being raped are between 50% and 95%. Population
Information Program. Population Reports: Ending Violence Against
Women. The Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, December
1999.
- Female
adolescent abuse survivors are more likely to develop eating disorders
- 18% binge and purge, while only 6%% of non-abused adolescent
girls do so - and are more likely to use illegal drugs - 30% compared
to 13% of teenage girls who were never sexually abused
The Commonwealth Fund Survey of the Health of Adolescent Girls.
The Common wealth Fund, 1997.
- Girls
who were raped are about three times more likely to suffer from
psychiatric disorders and over four times more likely to suffer
from drug and alcohol abuse in adulthood Kendler, Kenneth
S., et al. Archives of General Psychiatry. Medical College of
Virginia Commonwealth University, 2000.
- Female
students who have been physically and/or sexually abused by a
dating partner in the 9th through 12th grades are at increased
risk for substance abuse, unhealthy weight control, risky sexual
behavior, pregnancy and suicide
Silverman, Jay, Anita Raj, Lorelei Mucci, and Jeanne Hathaway.
Dating Violence Against Adolescent Girls and Associated Substance
Use, Unhealthy Weight Control, Sexual Risk Behavior, Pregnancy,
and Suicidality Journal of the American Medical Association, 286(5):572-579,
2001.
- 30%
of rape survivors contemplate suicide after the rape.
Warshaw, R. (1994). I never called it rape. New York: HarperCollins
Publishers
- Rape
has a devastating impact on the mental health of victims, with
nearly one-third (31%) of all rape victims developing Rape-related
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder sometime in their lifetimes.
("Rape in America," 1992, National Victim Center.)
TOP
Sexual Assault Prevalence
Statistics
- 57%
of rapes happen on dates.
Warshaw, R. (1994). I never called it rape. New York: HarperCollins
Publishers.
TOP
Law
Enforcement Involvement Statistics
- In
their 1992 report, Rape in America: A Report to the Nation, the
National Victim Center reported that 9 out of 10 rapes go unreported.
Source: Kilpatrick, Edmunds, and Seymour, 1992
- Only
16% of rapes are ever reported to the police.
Source: National Victim Center and Crime Victims Research and
Treatment Center, Rape in America: A Report to the Nation, 1992.
- 28.3%
(estimated) of rape/sexual assault victimizations are reported
to law enforcement officials Rennison, Callie M. Criminal
Victimization 1999: Changes 1998-00 with Trends 1993-99. Bureau
of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, August 2000.
· Probability that an arrest will be made when the crime
is reported: 1:2. National Center for Policy Analysis. Crime and
Punishment in America: 1999. NCPA Report 229, October 1999.
- In
2000, 48 percent of the rapes/sexual assaults committed against
people age 12 and over were reported to the police. Bureau
of Justice Statistics Special Report, Reporting Crime to the Police,
1992-2000, March 2003
- False
reports of rape are rare, according to the FBI, occurring only
8% of the time. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1995)
Uniform crime reports. Washington, D.C.: United States Department
of Justice.
- In
a study done in the 1980s, 5% of rape survivors went to the police.
Warshaw, R. (1994). I never called it rape. New York:
HarperCollins Publishers.
- Throughout
the last 10 years, the National Crime Victimization Survey has
reported that approximately 30% of rape survivors report the incident
to the police. Rennison, C. M. (2001). National crime
victimization survey, criminal victimization 2000: Changes 1999-2000
with trends 1993-2000, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice,
Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCJ 187007
- Only
sixteen percent of rapes are ever reported to police.
("Rape in America," 1992, National Victim Center.)
TOP
Child
Sexual Assault Statistics
 |
- 1
in 3 girls and 1 in 6 boys are sexually assaulted before the age
of 18.
Source: Kiana Russell, Handbook on Sexual Abuse of Children, 1988.
- 1
in 4 girls and 1 in 6 boys will be sexually assaulted by age 18
Finkelhor, David, et al. Sexual Abuse in a National Survey
of Adult Men and Women: Prevalence, Characteristics , and Risk
Factors, 1990.
- Persons
under 18 years of age account for 67% of all sexual assault victimizations
reported to law enforcement agencies. Children under 12 years
old account for 34% of those cases and children under six years
account for 14% of those cases Snyder, Howard. Sexual
Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement: Victim,
Incident, and Offender Characteristics. Bureau of Justice Statistics,
U.S. Department of Justice, 2000.
- 1.8
million U.S. Adolescents have been sexually assaulted
Kilpatrick, D.G. and B.E. Saunders The Prevalence and Consequences
of Child Victimization: Summary of a Research Study by Dean Kilpatrick,
Ph.D. and Benjamin
- Teens
16 to 19 years of age were three and a half times more likely
than the general population to be victims of rape, attempted rape,
or sexual assault Rennison, Callie M. Criminal Victimization
1999: Changes 1998-00 with Trends 1993-99. Bureau of Justice Statistics,
U.S. Department of Justice, August 2000.
- 69%
of teen sexual assaults reported to law enforcement occurred in
the residence of the victim, the offender, or another individual
Snyder, Howard. Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to
Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics.
Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, 2000.
- 24%
of sexually active girls younger than 13 years old reported that
their first intercourse was non-consensual Abma, Joyce,
Anne Driscoll, and Kristin Moore. Young Women's Degree of Control
over First Intercourse: An Exploratory Analysis, Family Planning
Perspectives, Volume 30, No. 1, January/February 1998.
- A
survey of high school students found that one in five had experienced
forced sex (rape). Half of these girls told no one about the incident.
Davis, T.C, Peck G. Q., Storment, J. M. (1993). Acquaintance rape
and the high school student. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14,
220-224.
- Females
aged 16-19 are four times more likely than the general population
to be victims of rape, attempted rape, or sexual assault. Rennison,
C. M. (2001). National crime victimization survey, criminal victimization
2000: Changes 1999-2000 with trends 1993-2000, Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, NCJ
187007
- Thirteen
percent of adult American women have been victims of at least
one forcible rape in their lifetime. More than six out of ten
of all rape cases (61%) occurred before the victims reached the
age of eighteen. Twenty-nine percent of all forcible rapes occurred
when the victim was less than eleven years old, while another
thirty-two percent occurred between the ages of eleven and seventeen.
("Rape in America," 1992, National Victim Center.)
- A
Washington study examining the link between childhood sexual abuse
and teen pregnancy found that 62% of the pregnant adolescents
in the study had experienced contact molestation, attempted rape,
or rape prior to their first pregnancy.
(Boyer, Debra, "Adolescent Pregnancy: The Role of Sexual
Abuse," November/December, 1995, National Resource Center
on Child Sexual Abuse, Huntsville, AL)
TOP
Domestic
Violence and Sexual Assault Statistics
"What
batterer does not use sex as a weapon?"
-Quote from a Survivor
- 10
to 14 percent of all married women and at least 40 percent of
battered wives in the US have been raped by their husbands.
Source: Campbell & Alford, "The Dark Consequences of
Marital Rape," American Journal of Nursing.
- Estimates
range from 960,000 incidents of violence against a current or
former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend per year1 to three million
women who are physically abused by their husband or boyfriend
per year. The Commonwealth Fund, Health Concerns Across
a Woman’s Lifespan: 1998 Survey of Women’s Health,
May 1999
- Around
the world, at least one in every three women has been beaten,
coerced into sex or otherwise abused during her lifetime. Heise,
L., Ellsberg, M. and Gottemoeller, M. Ending Violence Against
Women. Population Reports, Series L, No. 11., December 1999
- Nearly
one-third of American women (31 percent) report being physically
or sexually abused by a husband or boyfriend at some point in
their lives, according to a 1998 Commonwealth Fund survey.
The Commonwealth Fund, Health Concerns Across a Woman’s
Lifespan: 1998 Survey of Women’s Health, May 1999
- Nearly
25 percent of American women report being raped and/or physically
assaulted by a current or former spouse, cohabiting partner, or
date at some time in their lifetime, according to the National
Violence Against Women Survey, conducted from November 1995 to
May 1996. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
and The National Institute of Justice, Extent, Nature, and Consequences
of Intimate Partner Violence, July 2000.
- Thirty
percent of Americans say they know a woman who has been physically
abused by her husband or boyfriend in the past year. Lieberman
Research Inc., Tracking Survey conducted for The Advertising Council
and the Family Violence Prevention Fund, July – October
1996
- In
the year 2001, more than half a million American women (588,490
women) were victims of nonfatal violence committed by an intimate
partner.
Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief, Intimate Partner
Violence, 1993-2001, February 2003
- Intimate
partner violence is primarily a crime against women. In 2001,
women accounted for 85 percent of the victims of intimate partner
violence (588,490 total) and men accounted for approximately 15
percent of the victims (103,220 total). Bureau of Justice
Statistics Crime Data Brief, Intimate Partner Violence, 1993-2001,
February 2003
- While
women are less likely than men to be victims of violent crimes
overall, women are five to eight times more likely than men to
be victimized by an intimate partner. U.S. Department
of Justice, Violence by Intimates: Analysis of Data on Crimes
by Current or Former Spouses, Boyfriends, and Girlfriends, March
1998
- In
2001, intimate partner violence made up 20 percent of violent
crime against women. The same year, intimate partners committed
three percent of all violent crime against men. Bureau
of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief, Intimate Partner Violence,
1993-2001, February 2003
- As
many as 324,000 women each year experience intimate partner violence
during their pregnancy.
Gazmararian JA, Petersen R, Spitz AM, Goodwin MM, Saltzman LE,
Marks JS. “Violence and reproductive health; current knowledge
and future research directions.” Maternal and Child Health
Journal 2000;4(2):79-84.
- Women
of all races are about equally vulnerable to violence by an intimate.
Bureau of Justice Statistics, Violence Against Women: Estimates
from the Redesigned Survey, August 1995
- Male
violence against women does much more damage than female violence
against men; women are much more likely to be injured than men.
Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles, Physical Violence in American
Families, 1990
- The
most rapid growth in domestic relations caseloads is occurring
in domestic violence filings. Between
1993 and 1995, 18 of 32 states with three year filing figures
reported an increase of 20 percent or more. Examining the Work
of State Courts, 1995: A National Perspective from the Court Statistics
Project. National Center for the State Courts, 1996
- Women
are seven to 14 times more likely than men to report suffering
severe physical assaults from an intimate partner. National
Institute of Justice and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women:
Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey, November
1998
- On
average, more than three women are murdered by their husbands
or boyfriends in this country every day. In 2000, 1,247 women
were killed by an intimate partner. The same year, 440 men were
killed by an intimate partner. Bureau
of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief, Intimate Partner Violence,
1993-2001, February 2003
- Women
are much more likely than men to be killed by an intimate partner.
In 2000, intimate partner homicides accounted for 33.5 percent
of the murders of women and less than four percent of the murders
of men.
Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief, Intimate Partner
Violence, 1993-2001, February 2003
- Pregnant
and recently pregnant women are more likely to be victims of homicide
than to die of any other cause, and evidence exists that a significant
proportion of all female homicide victims are killed by their
intimate partners. Frye, V. (2001). Examining Homicide's
Contribution to Pregnancy-Associated Deaths. The Journal of the
American Medical Association, 285, No. 11, March 21, 2001
- Research
suggests that injury related deaths, including homicide and suicide,
account for approximately one-third of all maternal mortality
cases, while medical reasons make up the rest. But, homicide is
the leading cause of death overall for pregnant women, followed
by cancer, acute and chronic respiratory conditions, motor vehicle
collisions and drug overdose, peripartum and postpartum cardiomyopthy,
and suicide. Nannini, A., Weiss, J., Goldstein, R., &
Fogerty, S., (2002). Pregnancy-Associated Mortality at the End
of the Twentieth Century: Massachusetts, 1990 – 1999. Journal
of the American Medical Women’s Association, Vol. 57, No.
23, Summer 2002.
- The
health-related costs of rape, physical assault, stalking and homicide
committed by intimate partners exceed $5.8 billion each year.
Of that amount, nearly $4.1 billion are for direct medical and
mental health care services, and nearly $1.8 billion are for the
indirect costs of lost productivity or wages.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Costs of Intimate
Partner Violence Against Women in the United States, April 2003.
- About
half of all female victims of intimate violence report an injury
of some type, and about 20 percent of them seek medical assistance.
National Crime Victimization Survey, 1992-96; Study of Injured
Victims of Violence, 1994
- Thirty-seven
percent of women who sought treatment in emergency rooms for violence-related
injuries in 1994 were injured by a current or former spouse, boyfriend
or girlfriend.
U.S. Department of Justice, Violence Related Injuries Treated
in Hospital Emergency Departments, August 1997
- Approximately
one in five female high school students reports being physically
and/or sexually abused by a dating partner. Jay G. Silverman,
PhD; Anita Raj, PhD; Lorelei A. Mucci, MPH; and Jeanne E. Hathaway,
MD, MPH, “Dating Violence Against Adolescent Girls and Associated
Substance Use, Unhealthy Weight Control, Sexual Risk Behavior,
Pregnancy, and Suicidality,” Journal of the American Medical
Association, Vol. 286, No. 5, 2001
- Eight
percent of high school age girls said “yes” when asked
if “a boyfriend or date has ever forced sex against your
will.”The Commonwealth Fund Survey of the Health
of Adolescent Girls, November 1997
- Forty
percent of girls age 14 to 17 report knowing someone their age
who has been hit or beaten by a boyfriend. Children Now/Kaiser
Permanente poll, December 1995
- During
the 1996-1997 school year, there were an estimated 4,000 incidents
of rape or other types of sexual assault in public schools across
the country. U.S. Department of Education, Violence and
Discipline Problems in U.S. Public Schools: 1996-1997
- In
a national survey of more than 6,000 American families, 50 percent
of the men who frequently assaulted their wives also frequently
abused their children. Strauss, Murray A, Gelles, Richard
J., and Smith, Christine. 1990. Physical Violence in American
Families; Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 Families.
New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers
- Slightly
more than half of female victims of intimate violence live in
households with children under age 12. U.S. Department
of Justice, Violence by Intimates: Analysis of Data on Crimes
by Current or Former Spouses, Boyfriends, and Girlfriends, March
1998
- Studies
suggest that between 3.3 - 10 million children witness some form
of domestic violence annually. Carlson, Bonnie E. (1984).
Children's observations of interpersonal violence. Pp. 147-167
in A.R. Roberts (Ed.) Battered women and their families (pp. 147-167).
NY: Springer. Straus, M.A. (1992). Children as witnesses to marital
violence: A risk factor for lifelong problems among a nationally
representative sample of American men and women. Report of the
Twenty-Third Ross Roundtable. Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories
- Three
in four women (76 percent) who reported they had been raped and/or
physically assaulted since age 18 said that a current or former
husband, cohabiting partner, or date committed the assault.
U.S. Department of Justice, Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences
of Violence Against Women: Findings from the National Violence
Against Women Survey, November 1998
- In
2001, 41,740 women were victims of rape/sexual assault committed
by an intimate partner.
Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief, Intimate Partner
Violence, 1993-2001, February 2003
· Annually in the United States, 503,485 women are stalked
by an intimate partner. Patricia Tjaden and Nancy Thoennes, Extent,
Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence, National
Institute of Justice, 2000
- Seventy-eight
percent of stalking victims are women. Women are significantly
more likely than men (60 percent and 30 percent, respectively)
to be stalked by intimate partners. Center for Policy
Research, Stalking in America, July 1997
- Eighty
percent of women who are stalked by former husbands are physically
assaulted by that partner and 30 percent are sexually assaulted
by that partner. Center for Policy Research, Stalking
in America, July 1997
- According
to information reported by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S.
Department of Justice, in Estimates from the Redesigned Survey
(1995) and Violence Between Intimates (1994): former husbands,
boyfriends, and ex-boyfriends committed 26 percent of rapes and
sexual assaults.
TOP
Disabilities
- One
study estimates that more than 90% of people with developmental
disabilities will experience sexual abuse at some point in their
lives.
Valenti-Hein, D., Schwartz, L. 1995. Sexual Abuse Interview for
those with Developmental Disabilities.
TOP
General
- 56%
of all rape occurs on a date or in a dating relationship.
Source: Robin Warshaw. 1994. I Never Called It Rape: The Ms. Report
on Recognizing, Fighting and Surviving Date and Acquaintance Rape.
New York: HarperPerennial.
- It
is estimated that, annually, 302, 091 adult American women and
92,748 adult American men experience a completed or attempted
rape. Because some persons suffer multiple rapes, it is estimated
that 876,064 rapes of adult American women and 111,298 rapes of
adult American men occur annually.
Tjaden, Patricia and Nancy Thoennes. Prevalence, Incidence and
Consequences of Violence Against Women:Findings From the National
Violence Against Women Survey. National Institute of Justice,
U.S. Department of Justice, November 1998.
- One
in five (21 percent) women reported she had been raped or physically
or sexually assaulted in her lifetime. The Commonwealth
Fund, Health Concerns Across a Woman’s Lifespan: 1998 Survey
of Women’s Health, May 1999
- Nearly
one-fifth of women (18 percent) reported experiencing a completed
or attempted rape at some time in their lives; one in 33 men (three
percent) reported experiencing a completed or attempted rape at
some time in their lives. National Institute of Justice
and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,, Prevalence, Incidence,
and Consequences of Violence Against Women: Findings from the
National Violence Against Women Survey, November 1998
- Rapes/sexual
assaults committed by strangers are more likely to be reported
to the police than rapes/sexual assaults committed by “nonstrangers,”
including intimate partners, other relatives and friends or acquaintances.
Between 1992 and 2000, 41 percent of the rapes/sexual assaults
committed by strangers were reported to the police. During the
same time period, 24 percent of the rapes/sexual assaults committed
by an intimate were reported. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Special Report, Reporting Crime to the Police, 1992-2000, March
2003
- First-year
students in college tend to believe more rape myths than seniors.
Gray, N.B., Palileo, G.J., and Johnson, G.D. (1993). Explaining
rape victim blame: A test of attribution theory. Sociological
Spectrum, 13, 377-392.
- 42%
of rape survivors told no one about the rape. Warshaw,
R. (1994). I never called it rape. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
- Rape
survivors report defining their experience in many different ways.
¼ define it as rape, ¼ think it was a crime but
did not know it was rape, ¼ believe it was serious sexual
abuse but did not know it was a crime, and ¼ report not
feeling victimized by the experience. Koss, M. (1992).
Rape on campus: Facts and measures. Planning for Higher Education,
20, 21-28.
- About
70% of sexual assault survivors reported that they took some form
of self-protective action during the crime. The most common technique
was to resist by struggling or chase and try to hold the attacker.
Of those survivors who took protective action, over half believed
it helped the situation, about 1/5 believed that it made the situation
worse or simultaneously worse and better. Greenfeld,
L.A. (1997). Sex offenses and offenders: An analysis of data on
rape and sexual assault, Washington DC: U.S. Department of Justice,
Bureau of Justice Statistics
- 84%
of rape survivors tried unsuccessfully to reason with the man
who raped her.
Warshaw, R. (1994). I never called it rape. New York: HarperCollins
Publishers.
- More
than half of all rape and sexual assault incidents occurred within
one mile of the survivor’s home or in her home.
Greenfeld, L.A. (1997). Sex offenses and offenders: An analysis
of data on rape and sexual assault, Washington DC: U.S. Department
of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics
- Preliminary
estimates for 1995 indicate that 260,300 rapes and attempted rapes
and nearly 95,000 sexual assaults and threats of sexual assaults
were reported against persons 12 years of age or older.
("Sex Offenses and Offenders: An Analysis of Data on Rape
and Sexual Assault," 1996. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau
of Justice Statistics, Washington, D.C.)
- About
nine out of 10 rape/sexual assault victimizations involved a single
offender and with whom the victim had a prior relationship such
as a family member, intimate, or acquaintance.
("Sex Offenses and Offenders: An Analysis of Data on Rape
and Sexual Assault," 1996. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau
of Justice Statistics, Washington, D.C.)
- Overall,
rape has the highest annual victim costs at $127 billion per year
(excluding child sex abuse), followed by assault at $93 billion,
murder (excluding arson and drunk driving) at $61 billion, and
child abuse at $56 billion. (Miller, Ted R., Cohen, Mark
A., Wiersema, Brian, "Victim Costs and Consequences: A New
Look," February 1996. U.S. Department of Justice, National
Institute of Justice, Washington, D.C.)
TOP
LGBT
Sexual Assault
- Results
of a 1997 study of sexual coercion within gay and lesbian relationships
indicated that 52% of the total sample reported having experienced
at least one incident of sexual coercion. 55% of the gay men and
50% of the lesbians in the study reported unwanted penetration.
33% of the gay men and 32% of the lesbians in this study reported
unwanted fondling.
Source: Lisa K. Waldner-Haugrud and Linda Vaden Gratch. 1997.
"Sexual Coercion in Gay/Lesbian Relationships: Descriptives
and Gender Differences." Violence and Victims 12(1): 87-98.
Click
here for Printable Version |
